Expert Tips for Iwagumi Step By Step in 2025

If you’re a passionate aquascaper or just getting started with this captivating hobby, the Iwagumi style is a timeless favorite for its minimalist elegance and harmonious rock arrangements. In this comprehensive guide, you’ll learn updated Iwagumi step by step tips for 2025—from planning your layout to maintaining breathtaking underwater landscapes. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to refine your techniques, read on for practical advice and inspiration to create your own Iwagumi masterpiece!

What is Iwagumi Aquascaping?

Iwagumi is a Japanese aquascaping style that emphasizes simplicity, natural beauty, and balance using stones as the main hardscape element. The word “Iwagumi” literally means “rock formation.” Each rock in an Iwagumi layout has a specific role, following aesthetic principles rooted in Japanese gardening and Zen philosophies. The end result is a tranquil, striking underwater scene that mimics natural riverbeds or grasslands.

Simplicity: Minimalism in plant and decor selection
Harmony: Emphasis on proportional balance and negative space
Stone Placement: Careful arrangement based on “Sanzon Iwagumi” (three-stone principle)

For more on aquascaping styles, check out our guide to Nature Aquarium vs Iwagumi Style.

Iwagumi Step By Step Guide for 2025

1. Planning Your Iwagumi Layout

Every successful aquascape starts with careful planning. In 2025, aquascapers are embracing sustainable materials and innovative design tools to envision and map their layouts.

Tank Size: Popular choices are 60cm and 90cm aquariums, but nano tanks are also gaining traction.
Sketch Your Concept: Use apps or traditional pen-and-paper to draft your rock layout and plant placements.
Choose Your Stones: Classic rocks such as Seiryu, Dragon Stone, or Manten Stone are favorites for their texture and color.

2. Preparing the Substrate

The substrate forms the foundation for Iwagumi aquariums. A nutrient-rich base is essential for robust plant growth:

Layering: Start with a base of enriched soil (like ADA Aqua Soil) topped with fine gravel for a natural look.
Sloping: Create depth by sloping the substrate higher in the back and lower at the front—this enhances perspective.

Proper substrate preparation promotes healthy plant roots and water clarity. See our best substrates for planted tanks review for more options.

3. Mastering Stone Arrangement

Stone placement is the heart of Iwagumi aquascaping. The classic “Sanzon Iwagumi” composition involves:

Oyaishi (Main Stone): The largest, most striking rock—placed off-center to draw the eye and set the tone.
Fukuishi (Secondary Stones): Two (or more) support stones, grouped for natural balance and flow.
Soeishi (Accent Stones): Small rocks for continuity and realism; avoid symmetry for an organic effect.

Arrange rocks while the tank is empty, gently pressing them into the substrate for stability. Step back frequently to assess angles, flow, and depth—take photos from different perspectives before finalizing.

4. Selecting and Planting Aquatic Plants

Iwagumi layouts traditionally feature carpeting plants for a lush, open look. In 2025, popular species include:

Hemianthus callitrichoides (“Cuba” or Dwarf Baby Tears): Vibrant, tiny leaves for dense carpets
Eleocharis acicularis (Dwarf Hairgrass): Grass-like tufts for a windswept meadow effect
Glossostigma elatinoides: Classic small-leafed carpet plant

Plant using tweezers in small clumps. Mist with water to keep them moist before filling the tank. For an even spread, stagger the planting pattern to encourage quick coverage.

Want more plant options? Read our best carpet plants for aquascaping article.

5. Filling the Aquarium & Starting Filtration

Fill the tank slowly to minimize substrate disturbance. Use a plate or plastic bag to diffuse water flow. Once filled:

Install a quality filter and CO₂ system—healthy plant growth and algae control are key in Iwagumi tanks.
Use egg crate under rocks for extra stability in larger setups.

In 2025, many aquascapers use smart, app-connected filtration and CO₂ dosing for precise control.

6. Lighting for Lush Growth

Bright, full-spectrum lighting is crucial for compact plant carpets. LEDs remain the standard; aim for 8–10 hours of light daily. Contemporary fixtures allow programmable schedules and spectrum adjustment for enhanced plant health and color vibrancy.

Monitor for algae and adjust duration as needed, especially during the early stages.

7. Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Keeping your Iwagumi aquascape pristine involves consistent, simple maintenance:

Regular Water Changes: 30–50% weekly to keep nutrients balanced and prevent algae outbreaks
Trimming: Use fine scissors to trim carpet plants for a neat, even spread
Algae Control: Add algae-eating fish or shrimp for natural maintenance

Address issues early—yellowing plants, cloudy water, or algae blooms—with appropriate adjustments to CO₂, lighting, or nutrient dosing.

Advanced Tips for a Unique 2025 Iwagumi

Experiment with “Wabi-Sabi” elements by embracing imperfection and subtle asymmetry
Incorporate nano fish like Green Neon Tetras or Otocinclus for scale and minimal disruption
Use mixed carpet plants for varied texture—blend Glossostigma with Dwarf Hairgrass for realism
Try aquascaping software or augmented reality tools to preview your hardscape before building

Frequently Asked Questions

How many stones should I use in an Iwagumi aquascape?

There’s no strict rule, but odd numbers (3, 5, or 7) are preferred for a natural look and visual harmony, following the “Sanzon Iwagumi” principle.

Can beginners try Iwagumi aquascaping?

Absolutely! Start with a small tank, simple rock formation, and resilient carpets like Dwarf Hairgrass. With patience and maintenance, anyone can succeed.

Do I need CO₂ in an Iwagumi planted tank?

CO₂ is not mandatory, but it strongly enhances plant growth and helps prevent algae. Low-tech setups are possible, but expect slower carpeting and more careful plant selection.

Start Your Iwagumi Journey in 2025

With these expert tips for Iwagumi step by step in 2025, you’re ready to craft a serene, breathtaking aquascape that brings the elegance of nature into your home. Remember to experiment, be patient, and enjoy every stage of the process—from rock selection to the final trim!

Looking for more tutorials or inspiration? Browse the rest of Aquascaping Academy for in-depth guides, plant recommendations, and aquascaping ideas. Don’t forget to subscribe to our newsletter for the latest aquascaping trends and exclusive tips!